The term "motherboard" or "mainboard" refers to the most prominent component found inside a personal computer or Pc. It is a large circuit board mounted to one side or bottom of the computer case depending on the type of Pc. Even laptops include a motherboard but these are designed specifically for the laptop in which they are fitted. There are any types of motherboard and they are categorized by the type of case they fit into also known as the form factor. Atx and mAtx or micro Atx are the two most tasteless types installed in most modern Pcs.
The motherboard's role is to allow everything to recap with each other. The circuit board contains a whole of ports or connectors allowing the varied internal components within the computer to recap with the processor, memory etc. All of these connectors have a role and allow varied components and devices to be fitted or installed internally or externally.
Laptop Graphics Card
In the rest of this description I will expound the function of each of these ports or connectors and the devices that may be related to them.
Cpu or Processor Socket
The Cpu socket is rather self explanatory as it holds the Cpu. There are varied types of processor ready and each is designed to fit a confident Cpu socket type. The socket is designed so that the processor can only be fitted one way. This is regularly determined by a series of notches cut out of the edges of the Cpu. These notches will match the Cpu socket for precise factory of the processor. The motherboard Cpu socket regularly contains a mechanism or latch to firmly lock the processor securely into the socket.
Memory Slots
Again the memory slots are just that. They hold the computer memory in place. Motherboards can have a varying whole of memory slots fitted to them. In most home Pcs there are two, three or four slots. As with the Cpu socket, the memory slots are designed to hold specific types of memory. The slots have a whole of raised points designed to correspond with the precise type of memory module, they also help to decide the orientation of the memory when installed. At each end of the slot a small latch gismo can be found. These latches are opened before installing the memory module and lock it in place as the module is inserted into the slot.
Sata Connectors
These connectors allow devices such as hard disk drives and Cd/Dvd drives to be installed in the computer. The whole of these connectors varies depending on the motherboard. The connector can be recognised by the small L-shaped receptacle which prevents improper fitting of the Sata cables.
Ide/Pata Connectors
These are the older type of relationship for hard disk drives and Cd/Dvd drives. Older motherboards may have two of these connectors, a former and secondary. An Ide cable would be used to connect up to two devices to each connector. The connector has two rows of pins and a notch cut out of one side enabling easy fitting of the cables ensuring that they are correctly fitted. modern motherboards may only have one Ide connector fitted to allow whether an older hard disk or Cd/Dvd drive to be installed.
Agp Graphics Slot
This is a brown coloured slot used to fit the older Agp graphics cards. On some motherboards this would have a small latch at one end to securely hold the graphics card in place.
Pci, Pci-E Expansion Card Slots
These are regularly white in colour and the whole can vary dependent on the motherboard. The older Pci has now been supplanted by the Pci-E or Pci Express standard. They allow expansion cards such as sound, network or multimedia cards to be installed allowing easy expansion of the computers functionality. Fitting a card simply involves pushing the expansion card into the slot when the computer is powered off.
Motherboard Header Connectors
The motherboard contains a series of small connectors in varied locations nearby the board. They regularly consist of a whole of raised pins. These header connectors have a variety of uses. Some allow Usb ports settled on the case to be connected, others are for connecting the front panel audio connections such as headphone and microphone sockets housed on the computer case. Connecting to these headers can be awkward and consultation of a motherboard manual is regularly required.
External Ports
On the rear facing edge of the motherboard there are a whole of ports that are descriptive on the rear of the Pc. These may vary depending on the age of the board. The tasteless ports are Ps2 which are coloured purple for connecting a keyboard, green for connecting a mouse. There may also be a red parallel printer port although these are rarely found on modern boards. an additional one port which is less tasteless on modern boards is the turquoise serial connectors that are used to connect a variety of devices such as old moderns, bar code scanners etc. Some motherboards may have a network or Rj45 port used for connecting the computer to a network but this is not all the time present. Usb and Audio relationship ports are also settled on the rear of the board allowing external Usb devices and speaker systems or microphones to be related to the Pc.
As we can see above the motherboard is the centre piece when it comes to connecting all the varied computer components inside and outside of the Pc. So how does the motherboard operate all these devices and allow them to recap successfully?
On the motherboard there is sometimes one or two micro-chips which operate the motherboard functions. They are sometimes known as the chipset but the precise names are "Northbridge" and "Southbridge" chipsets. Each has a specific role for controlling varied transportation functions in the middle of the varied components related to the motherboard.
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